The British Crown Jewels: A regal legacy through the centuries

The British Crown Jewels are far more than mere ornaments—they are living symbols of monarchy. Safeguarded in the Tower of London, they represent the continuity of royal power and British tradition, spanning over a thousand years of history.

The origins of the collection date back to the Middle Ages, with liturgical and regal objects associated with Saint Edward the Confessor. From the 12th century onward, the use of a permanent ceremonial set—comprising crowns, sceptres, orb, and ring—became established. These items were passed down to successive monarchs and used during coronation ceremonies at Westminster Abbey.

After the destruction of the regalia during the English Civil War in 1649, it was Charles II who had the collection entirely remade in 1661. Since then, the royal regalia have been used for coronations and the most solemn ceremonies.

At the heart of the collection lies the majestic St. Edward’s Crown, made of solid gold and created in 1661 for Charles II’s consecration. Weighing over two kilograms, it is worn only once by each monarch—at their coronation. Another iconic piece is the Imperial State Crown, worn at the annual State Opening of Parliament. Lavishly adorned with over 2,800 gemstones, it features among its treasures the Cullinan II—one of the largest cut diamonds in the world (317 carats)—and the famed Black Prince’s Ruby, which is in fact a red spinel that has survived centuries of intrigue and war.

The Sceptre with the Cross is another masterpiece: at its pinnacle shines the Cullinan I, known as the “Star of Africa,” a 530-carat diamond—the largest cut diamond in the world. Its extraordinary clarity, drop shape, and perfect proportions make it a gemological marvel and a potent symbol of sovereign power. The legendary Koh-i-Noor, gifted to Queen Victoria, is set in the crown of the Queen Mother.

The collection also includes the Sovereign’s Orb, the Coronation Ring, the Ampulla, and the Anointing Spoon—all steeped in sacred and historical significance.

To this day, the Crown Jewels are used during solemn state ceremonies, most notably the coronation—such as that of King Charles III in 2023. Beyond their symbolic and historical value, they represent a unique artistic heritage, the result of exquisite craftsmanship, dynastic power, and monarchical faith.

Displayed at the Tower of London, they continue to captivate millions of visitors each year, preserving their royal allure—silent witnesses to a history that is still being written.